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Evaluation of the state and protection of environment in the Czech Republic – August/September 2023
Kyselá, Monika
The CVVM SOÚ AV ČR surveyed the environmental topics in the period from August to September 2023. Respondents were asked how satisfied or dissatisfied they were with the condition of the environment in the Czech Republic generally and in their place of residence. They were also asked to evaluate the situation in relation to various activities or facts that have an impact on the state of the environment.\n\nIn regard to the state of the environment, respondents rate the environment in their place of residence (79%) better than the overall state of the environment in the Czech Republic (72%), while satisfaction with the state of the environment in their place of residence and the Czech Republic as a whole has declined slightly year-on-year.\n\nThe most problematic perception is the traffic density in the place of residence. A majority of citizens are dissatisfied with the traffic situation in their place of residence (56%).\n\nOn the other hand, citizens are most satisfied in the long term with the availability of wildlife in their place of residence, with which more than four-fifths of them are satisfied according to the current survey (81%); three-quarters are also satisfied with the quality of drinking water (75%).\n\nWith the exception of the quality of drinking water, people living in rural areas are more satisfied with all areas of the environment in their place of residence compared to urban respondents. In contrast, people from the suburbs of large cities are significantly most satisfied with the quality of drinking water, followed by people from villages. The biggest differences in favour of villages over cities are observed in the case of light pollution, air cleanliness and cleanliness of the surrounding nature.
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The influence of tanning chemical agens on DNA degradation
Hebenstreitová, Kristýna ; Vaněk, Daniel (advisor) ; Novák, Jindřich (referee)
The illegal wildlife trade is currently on the rise, and it is becoming the fourth most lucrative sector of crime. The traded commodities of this sector are, for example, various animal artefacts from skins, teeth, scales, tusks, claws to whole animal bodies, as well as eggs of endangered birds (parrots and birds of prey) or amphibians and snakes. The rarer the species is, the higher the demand for it grows. Wildlife trade is regulated (among other things) under the international CITES convention (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora). Proving that this convention has been violated, is complex process and can be very difficult to achieve. In many cases a DNA analysis of the artefact, is the only way to prove, that it originates from a protected animal species and not from a species with which it is legal to trade. This thesis deals with a specific type of animal artefact - tanned skins. With this type of biological material, it is often problematic to obtain amplifiable DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). This thesis is investigating the influence of the chemicals used in the tanning process on the DNA degradation. Furthermore, it analyses, the influence of these substances on the inhibition of the polymerase chain reaction. The quantity of DNA is determined...
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Influence of recreational activities on the distribution of forest wild boar rooting
Drimaj, J. ; Balková, M. ; Špoula, J. ; Kamler, J. ; Mikulka, O. ; Plhal, R. ; Homolka, Miloslav
The wild boar is a widely distributed and locally very numerous animal. The same is true in the conditions of Central Europe. Outside the growing season, it concentrates in forests, where it also actively searches for food sources. During this activity, it disturbs the soil surface, thereby significantly affecting the dynamics of the ecosystem. From an economic point of view, it limits the natural renewal of tree species, but from an ecological point of view, it changes habitat conditions and thus helps to increase biodiversity. Factors influencing the distribution of rooting across forest stands may be different. In this paper, we focused on the human factor and its influence on the rooting activity of wild boar in the Hodonínská Dúbrava, National natural monuments.
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Legal regulation of hunting in the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic
Bubelíny, Ľubomír ; Damohorský, Milan (advisor) ; Stejskal, Vojtěch (referee)
In present days hunting in not only a livelihood as it was plenty years ago. Nowadays it helps among others to achieve sustainable and durable development of the environment. The purpose of the thesis is to analyze the hunting law in both, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The paper consists of ten chapters. First chapter introduces hunting legislation during the period of the common state formed by the Czechs and Slovaks. First Act which was applied in the whole territory of the former Czechoslovakia was the Hunting Act no. 225 adopted in 1947. This Act was based on the principle of connection right of hunt with the right of property to the land. Right to hunt meant inter alia a right to protect a game. In 1962 was adopted a new Hunting Act which was in accordance with the law principles of that period. Main principle of the Hunting Act of 1962 was separation of right to hunt from property right to land. Chapters Two and Three contain the relevant description of the legislation of the European Union and norms of the international law related to the hunting. The main purpose of the EU legislation as well as of the international law is the protection of the species and the nature. Due to the differences in the hunting traditions in the member states the common European hunting legislation is not desirable....
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Cycling and its influence on animal behavior
Mikulka, O. ; Drimaj, J. ; Plhal, R. ; Homolka, Miloslav ; Kamler, J.
In terms of impact on society, cycling brings a number of benefits, including the impact on mental and physical health, reducing emissions and the economy of target areas. With the growing popularity of this sport, it also brings negative effects, especially on natural ecosystems. Few studies point to the influence of wildlife behavior. At the same time, the results are important for use in the construction of cycle paths in nature and especially protected areas. The study deals with the influence of cycling of single-track cycling trails in the forest environment, on the spatial behavior of wildlife in a suburban locality, which is very intensively visited by humans. The study partially demonstrated the interfering effect on wildlife, which was detected through the distribution of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and wild boar (Sus scrofa) signs. However, the nature of the environment, which affects the intensity of interference, plays an important role. The intensity of trail traffic had a small effect. The results of the study can serve as a basis for designing cycle paths for the future.
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Trade Analysis of Birds of Prey (Accipitriformes, Cathartiformes a Falconiformes) in EU
RICHTROVÁ, Zuzana
Wildlife trade is a significant factor affecting situation of some species in the wild. Especially its illegal part, which is also very profitable similarly as arms trade and drugs trade, may be fatal for some species. Today, birds of prey are one of the most often traded groups of birds in the world and falconry is the main driving force of this trade. Although development of methods of captive breeding of birds of prey was an important turning point for their protection, it was not able to fully suppress taking them from the wild. Until recently, the European market was a large consumer of imported birds but European Union policy makes imports, especially for wild birds, more and more difficult. Thus it supports another aspect which is historically rooted in this area, namely breeding. A keeping and captive breeding of birds of prey is increasing in Europe and it takes part in global market. The goal of this thesis was to analyse content and volume of the trade with live specimens of birds of prey within EU for period 2000-2017. In addition to the EU as a whole, data for the Czech Republic were also processed. The EU has proven to be an important exporter with an upward trend, whereas imports have been restricted, especially since 2006, and still decrease. In general, the most traded birds are hybrid falcons and also a Gyrfalcon which is determined by Middle East demand. Although there are almost only captive birds in European export, there still are wild birds in some imports, especially vultures from Guinea. The Czech Republic copies European trends more or less. It seems that there is more birds of Accipitriformes order in the intra-European trade than in the trade with third countries. It emerged that European legislations can have a significant impact on the trade, even in global terms. An unpleasant finding was that used sources (especially the CITES database) have to be taken with discretion because they contain many mistakes and inconsistencies which may dramatically affect the results.
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Invasive alien mammal species in Europe
Hadravová, Alena ; Reif, Jiří (advisor) ; Lučan, Radek (referee)
The present thesis deals with the invasive species of mammals in Europe. Invasive mammals have far- reaching impacts both on the environment and on the economy. It is necessary to avoid the transfer and dissemination of such invasive species in the new environment. To prevent the spread of these species and to control them in general, it is crucial to know their characteristics and to strike at an initial phase of the invasion. The characteristics which make invasive species particularly successful in the new environment are, i.e., wide ecological valence, the ability to disseminate quickly, high competitive potential, and the potential to reproduce in the new environment. Another important factor which contributes to sustained existence of invasive species in the new environment is the absence of predators, parasites, and pathogens. Among the management practices which proved to be effective are shooting, trapping, and baiting, fencing and tree protectors are effective, too. In general, the management should be directed towards long-term reduction of population size to a predefined level based on mitigation of impacts and reduction of management costs. The EU Strategy on Invasive Species involves a three-stage approach, the three stages being prevention, eradication, and containment. All European states...
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Digital photography - Wildlife
Neckář, Roman ; Hanuš, Jiří (advisor) ; Šmíd, Jan (referee)
TITLE: Digital Photograph - Wildlife AUTHOR: Roman Neckář DEPARTMENT: Charles University in Prag, Faculty of Education SUPERVISOR: Mgr. Jiří Hanuš ANOTATION This barchelor thesis "Digital Photograph - Wildlife" engages in taking photographs of a wildnature. The first part of the thesis "Technology of photography and an accessories" focuses on a history of photography, describes differences between a classical and a digital photography, a necessary equipment related to this activity and photographic styles. It includes a description of my own photographic way, examples of photographs, a presentation of my creation with a legend of origin and a philosophical view of a photography. The second part of the thesis, didactical-research part, describes one-year guesting on children's group "Ranger" in the National Park Bohemian Switzerland. There was explained and demonstrated in nine lessons an issue of a digital photography, focused on taking photographs of a wildnature and a manual managing of the equipment for taking photographs. The aim of this thesis is acquainting with a digital photography and an introduction into photography of a wildnature. The revelation of a fragile balance of an environmental coexistence between human and nature. KEYWORDS Digital Photography, wildlife, classical Photography, history of...
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